Selasa, 19 November 2013

Export

A function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are shipped to another country for future sale or trade. The sale of such goods adds to the producing nation's gross output. If used for trade, exports are exchanged for other products or services. Exports are one of the oldest forms of economic transfer, and occur on a large scale between nations that have fewer restrictions on trade, such as tariffs or subsidies.

The benefit of export  that can be achieved through exporting are:
  • Promote business growth
  • Exploit technology and expertise
  • Enhance competitiveness
  • Increased Sales and Profits. Selling goods and services to a market the company never had before, it boosts sales and increases revenues. Additional foreign sales over the long term, once export development costs have been covered, increase overall profitability.
  • Gain Global Market Shares. By going international companies will participate in the global market and gain a piece of their share from the huge international marketplace.
  • Diversification. Selling to multiple markets allows companies to diversify their business and spread their risk. Companies will not be tied to the changes of the business cycle of domestic market or of one specific country.
  • Lower Per Unit Costs. Capturing an additional foreign market will usually expand production to meet foreign demand. Increased production can often lower per unit costs and lead to greater use of existing capacities.
  • Compensate for Seasonal Demands. Companies whose products or services are only used at certain seasons domestically may be able to sell their products or services in foreign markets during different seasons.
  • Create Potential for Company Expansion. Companies who venture into the exporting business usually have to have a presence or representation in the foreign market. This might require additional personnel and thus lead to expansion.
  • Sell Excess Production Capacity. Companies who have excess production for any reason can probably sell their products in a foreign market and not be forced to give deep discounts or even dispose of their excess production.                                                                                                                                                The Lack of export                                                                       
  • Greater business complexity
  • Pressure on resources
  • Increased costs & financial exposure.                                                                                                                                               I think Exporting offers the potential to accelerate the growth of your business by diversifying into new markets overseas rather than just serving the domestic market. While there are extra costs involved in managing an export business, you still have the opportunity to increase your profitability through a higher volume of sales and may even be able to achieve higher margins in some foreign markets than you can in the domestic market. Other benefits of exporting include expanded sales and customer networks, exposure to new ideas, technology and global sourcing  .                                                                                                                                               sources : http://toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au/part/2/6/28                                                                 
                         http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/export.asp                                                

Minggu, 29 September 2013

Announcement






Sunset Used Book Exchange
March 19 - 22


Book collection: March 4 – March 15
Class visits in our school library: March 19 – March 22

Donate gently-read children’s books to our annual Used Book Exchange (K-5 is greatly
appreciated). Books can be dropped off in our library drop-box by the front entrance.

Students will select “new” books to read during their scheduled class visits. The number
of books each student will receive will be determined by a school wide average. The
more books donated = the more books the kids get to take home!

Please volunteer to help out during class visits. Go to www.signupgenius.com, click on
“Find a Sign Up”, and type in linda_w_lau@yahoo.com into the text box.

Thanks for your continued support and hope to see you there!
Bik Lam, Librarian
Linda Lau, Annie Malley & Deborah Zouai, Library Co-Chairs



source : http://sunset-pta.org/sunset-used-book-exchange-donations/

Question

When will the class visit their school library? 
Why do they need to donate book?
Who is the librarian?
What website do you have to visit if you want to be a volunteer?
Where can the books be dropped if you want to donate?

Kamis, 19 September 2013

Analysis A Dark Brown Dog Story


  • Topic of the story A Dark Brown Dog            :  friendship between human and dog and a faithfulness                                                                         of a dog towards his master.
  • Plot of the story                                     :  A dark brown dog was a story which told about the unfortunate dog and story about a friendship relation between a child and a dog.  dog always got a bad treatment from the family, but the dog still stayed at the house because the dog felt that he has found his true friend there. many physical conflicts here or it belongs to external conflict,  between the family (especially the father) and the dog. In other hand, there are internal conflict, conflict in the dog itself (when he felt so suffer,  cried a song of infinite lowliness and despair, but he knew that he couldn’t leave the child). But the major  conflict here is between the family and the dog. Main problem comes from the family who didn’t like the dog; thus, they did something cruel to the dog. If the family liked the dog, there weren’t problems and conflicts in this story. Then, we can see the climax of the story is when the father got drunk and he was not too aware, he revealed his  anger to the dog like he was on the top of his anger. He knocked the dog down with a heavy coffee-pot. We know that because of that, he dog yelling in supreme astonishment and fear.  Imagine that we were the dog, how pity we are. It was not enough for the father whom had made the dog so suffer, even the dog had screamed by full of fear in him. The father threw the small body of the dog throw the window. It was very cruel for the dog, but the father didn’t care. At the time, he child see what the father did to the dog, and the child cried and screamed, tried to avoid the father did that. We can imagine, the situation must be strained and full of tears.
  • Setting                                                              :  a dark brown dog had a setting in America 
  • Character in a story A Dark Brown Dog           :  -Major characters are the dog and the child                                                                                       -Minor characters father, mother,(the family) and the                                                                             neighbor.
  • Moral value                                                      :  The moral of the story is that without the dog, the boy would have ended up abusing things like his father. Notice how in the beginning of the story he beats the dog, naturally emulating his fathers abusive actions towards all people and things. By the end once the dog is dead, he learns that abuse leads to bad things.

A Dark Brown Dog (by Stephen Crane)

A Child was standing on a street-corner. He leaned with one shoulder against a high board-fence and swayed the other to and fro, the while kicking carelessly at the gravel.
Sunshine beat upon the cobbles, and a lazy summer wind raised yellow dust which trailed in clouds down the avenue. Clattering trucks moved with indistinctness through it. The child stood dreamily gazing.
After a time, a little dark-brown dog came trotting with an intent air down the sidewalk. A short rope was dragging from his neck. Occasionally he trod upon the end of it and stumbled.
He stopped opposite the child, and the two regarded each other. The dog hesitated for a moment, but presently he made some little advances with his tail. The child put out his hand and called him. In an apologetic manner the dog came close, and the two had an interchange of friendly pattings and waggles. The dog became more enthusiastic with each moment of the interview, until with his gleeful caperings he threatened to overturn the child. Whereupon the child lifted his hand and struck the dog a blow upon the head.
This thing seemed to overpower and astonish the little dark-brown dog, and wounded him to the heart. He sank down in despair at the child's feet. When the blow was repeated, together with an admonition in childish sentences, he turned over upon his back, and held his paws in a peculiar manner. At the same time with his ears and his eyes he offered a small prayer to the child.
He looked so comical on his back, and holding his paws peculiarly, that the child was greatly amused and gave him little taps repeatedly, to keep him so. But the little dark-brown dog took this chastisement in the most serious way, and no doubt considered that he had committed some grave crime, for he wriggled contritely and showed his repentance in every way that was in his power. He pleaded with the child and petitioned him, and offered more prayers.
At last the child grew weary of this amusement and turned toward home. The dog was praying at the time. He lay on his back and turned his eyes upon the retreating form.
Presently he struggled to his feet and started after the child. The latter wandered in a perfunctory way toward his home, stopping at times to investigate various matters. During one of these pauses he discovered the little dark-brown dog who was following him with the air of a footpad.
The child beat his pursuer with a small stick he had found. The dog lay down and prayed until the child had finished, and resumed his journey. Then he scrambled erect and took up the pursuit again.
On the way to his home the child turned many times and beat the dog, proclaiming with childish gestures that he held him in contempt as an unimportant dog, with no value save for a moment. For being this quality of animal the dog apologized and eloquently expressed regret, but he continued stealthily to follow the child. His manner grew so very guilty that he slunk like an assassin.
When the child reached his door-step, the dog was industriously ambling a few yards in the rear. He became so agitated with shame when he again confronted the child that he forgot the dragging rope. He tripped upon it and fell forward.
The child sat down on the step and the two had another interview. During it the dog greatly exerted himself to please the child. He performed a few gambols with such abandon that the child suddenly saw him to be a valuable thing. He made a swift, avaricious charge and seized the rope.
He dragged his captive into a hall and up many long stairways in a dark tenement. The dog made willing efforts, but he could not hobble very skilfully up the stairs because he was very small and soft, and at last the pace of the engrossed child grew so energetic that the dog became panic-stricken. In his mind he was being dragged toward a grim unknown. His eyes grew wild with the terror of it. He began to wiggle his head frantically and to brace his legs.
The child redoubled his exertions. They had a battle on the stairs. The child was victorious because he was completely absorbed in his purpose, and because the dog was very small. He dragged his acquirement to the door of his home, and finally with triumph across the threshold.
No one was in. The child sat down on the floor and made overtures to the dog. These the dog instantly accepted. He beamed with affection upon his new friend. In a short time they were firm and abiding comrades.
When the child's family appeared, they made a great row. The dog was examined and commented upon and called names. Scorn was leveled at him from all eyes, so that he became much embarrassed and drooped like a scorched plant. But the child went sturdily to the center of the floor, and, at the top of his voice, championed the dog. It happened that he was roaring protestations, with his arms clasped about the dog's neck, when the father of the family came in from work.
The parent demanded to know what the blazes they were making the kid howl for. It was explained in many words that the infernal kid wanted to introduce a disreputable dog into the family.
A family council was held. On this depended the dog's fate, but he in no way heeded, being busily engaged in chewing the end of the child's dress.
The affair was quickly ended. The father of the family, it appears, was in a particularly savage temper that evening, and when he perceived that it would amaze and anger everybody if such a dog were allowed to remain, he decided that it should be so. The child, crying softly, took his friend off to a retired part of the room to hobnob with him, while the father quelled a fierce rebellion of his wife. So it came to pass that the dog was a member of the household.
He and the child were associated together at all times save when the child slept. The child became a guardian and a friend. If the large folk kicked the dog and threw things at him, the child made loud and violent objections. Once when the child had run, protesting loudly, with tears raining down his face and his arms outstretched, to protect his friend, he had been struck in the head with a very large saucepan from the hand of his father, enraged at some seeming lack of courtesy in the dog. Ever after, the family were careful how they threw things at the dog. Moreover, the latter grew very skilful in avoiding missiles and feet. In a small room containing a stove, a table, a bureau and some chairs, he would display strategic ability of a high order, dodging, feinting and scuttling about among the furniture. He could force three or four people armed with brooms, sticks and handfuls of coal, to use all their ingenuity to get in a blow. And even when they did, it was seldom that they could do him a serious injury or leave any imprint.
But when the child was present, these scenes did not occur. It came to be recognized that if the dog was molested, the child would burst into sobs, and as the child, when started, was very riotous and practically unquenchable, the dog had therein a safeguard.
However, the child could not always be near. At night, when he was asleep, his dark-brown friend would raise from some black corner a wild, wailful cry, a song of infinite lowliness and despair, that would go shuddering and sobbing among the buildings of the block and cause people to swear. At these times the singer would often be chased all over the kitchen and hit with a great variety of articles.
Sometimes, too, the child himself used to beat the dog, although it is not known that he ever had what could be truly called a just cause. The dog always accepted these thrashings with an air of admitted guilt. He was too much of a dog to try to look to be a martyr or to plot revenge. He received the blows with deep humility, and furthermore he forgave his friend the moment the child had finished, and was ready to caress the child's hand with his little red tongue.
When misfortune came upon the child, and his troubles overwhelmed him, he would often crawl under the table and lay his small distressed head on the dog's back. The dog was ever sympathetic. It is not to be supposed that at such times he took occasion to refer to the unjust beatings his friend, when provoked, had administered to him.
He did not achieve any notable degree of intimacy with the other members of the family. He had no confidence in them, and the fear that he would express at their casual approach often exasperated them exceedingly. They used to gain a certain satisfaction in underfeeding him, but finally his friend the child grew to watch the matter with some care, and when he forgot it, the dog was often successful in secret for himself.
So the dog prospered. He developed a large bark, which came wondrously from such a small rug of a dog. He ceased to howl persistently at night. Sometimes, indeed, in his sleep, he would utter little yells, as from pain, but that occurred, no doubt, when in his dreams he encountered huge flaming dogs who threatened him direfully.
His devotion to the child grew until it was a sublime thing. He wagged at his approach; he sank down in despair at his departure. He could detect the sound of the child's step among all the noises of the neighborhood. It was like a calling voice to him.
The scene of their companionship was a kingdom governed by this terrible potentate, the child; but neither criticism nor rebellion ever lived for an instant in the heart of the one subject. Down in the mystic, hidden fields of his little dog-soul bloomed flowers of love and fidelity and perfect faith.
The child was in the habit of going on many expeditions to observe strange things in the vicinity. On these occasions his friend usually jogged aimfully along behind. Perhaps, though, he went ahead. This necessitated his turning around every quarter-minute to make sure the child was coming. He was filled with a large idea of the importance of these journeys. He would carry himself with such an air! He was proud to be the retainer of so great a monarch.
One day, however, the father of the family got quite exceptionally drunk. He came home and held carnival with the cooking utensils, the furniture and his wife. He was in the midst of this recreation when the child, followed by the dark-brown dog, entered the room. They were returning from their voyages.
The child's practised eye instantly noted his father's state. He dived under the table, where experience had taught him was a rather safe place. The dog, lacking skill in such matters, was, of course, unaware of the true condition of affairs. He looked with interested eyes at his friend's sudden dive. He interpreted it to mean: Joyous gambol. He started to patter across the floor to join him. He was the picture of a little dark-brown dog en route to a friend.
The head of the family saw him at this moment. He gave a huge howl of joy, and knocked the dog down with a heavy coffee-pot. The dog, yelling in supreme astonishment and fear, writhed to his feet and ran for cover. The man kicked out with a ponderous foot. It caused the dog to swerve as if caught in a tide. A second blow of the coffee-pot laid him upon the floor.
Here the child, uttering loud cries, came valiantly forth like a knight. The father of the family paid no attention to these calls of the child, but advanced with glee upon the dog. Upon being knocked down twice in swift succession, the latter apparently gave up all hope of escape. He rolled over on his back and held his paws in a peculiar manner. At the same time with his eyes and his ears he offered up a small prayer.
But the father was in a mood for having fun, and it occurred to him that it would be a fine thing to throw the dog out of the window. So he reached down and grabbing the animal by a leg, lifted him, squirming, up. He swung him two or three times hilariously about his head, and then flung him with great accuracy through the window.
The soaring dog created a surprise in the block. A woman watering plants in an opposite window gave an involuntary shout and dropped a flower-pot. A man in another window leaned perilously out to watch the flight of the dog. A woman, who had been hanging out clothes in a yard, began to caper wildly. Her mouth was filled with clothes-pins, but her arms gave vent to a sort of exclamation. In appearance she was like a gagged prisoner. Children ran whooping.
The dark-brown body crashed in a heap on the roof of a shed five stories below. From thence it rolled to the pavement of an alleyway.
The child in the room far above burst into a long, dirgelike cry, and toddled hastily out of the room. It took him a long time to reach the alley, because his size compelled him to go downstairs backward, one step at a time, and holding with both hands to the step above.
When they came for him later, they found him seated by the body of his dark-brown friend.

Minggu, 08 September 2013

My Ambition

Thats my pleasure to inform about my self. My name is Azkia Afifah. Everyone usually called me Azki. In 17 March1997, I was born into world. When I was born i am very lucky because I have the happiest family in the world. I was born in Bandung which usually called " Kota Kembang". My parents are very happy to welcome my birth. because after 5 years they are wait their second child and thats me! 

The difference between my age and my older sister age is 5 years. My older sister name is Kania Nandika. Her hobbies are listen to the music and watch the movie. And now my older sister studying in University. Two years after my birth, my little brother was born into world. My little brother name is Adam Mirza Ramadhan. He is very love football, when he play football he very enjoy that football game in the field. In addition he also love playing game in computer. My little brother studying in Junior High School. 

And now me! I love play violin because if I play violin I feel I'm not stressed again. I'm very love violin because violin just have 4 strings, but violin can produce a variety of tones. In addition playing musical instrument, I also love read novels. Because if I reading a novel I can improve my imagination. 

Now I study in the one of the best school in Indonesia that is Senior High School 3 Bandung. I am is the one of student in that school. I am studying at 11 grades. I think senior high school is the most wonderful time. Because in senior high school we can get any kind of experiences, such as the experience of organization.

Sometimes I always thinking how to improve my enthusiasm to learn more. Because sometimes I feel lazy and so tired to study again in my home. But I must reach my idea to be a doctor. I want my parent proud to me because I can reach my ambition. I want my parent proude to me because I can be a good doctor that can help everyone which need me. I also feel that the level of public awareness in Indonesia is too low. 

Thats all abaout my self. Thanks for visiting my blog!



Kamis, 05 September 2013

1.     Penguin Physiology


Penguins are some of the most highly adapted, specialized birds in the world. Everything about their bodies is designed to help them survive in their marine environment, including the frigid waters near Antarctica.
  • Body Shape: Penguins have stout, compact bodies with short necks and rounded heads and shoulders so they can be more streamlined swimmers. This body shape is also more efficient for heat retention so the birds can stay warm in inhospitable climates.
  • Posture: These birds have an upright posture with their legs and feet set far back on their bodies. This is part of their streamlined shape, but it makes walking more difficult and awkward, and instead, penguins often waddle.
  • Flippers: Penguins' wings are highly specialized flippers with fused elbows and wrists for greater strength in swimming. The wing shape is very thin and tapered to further aid swimming.
  • Plumage Color: All penguins have black-and-white coloration called countershading. This type of camouflage protects the birds from predators while on land an in the water, and it helps them stay disguised from their prey as well. The exact markings vary from species to species.
  • Plumage Structure: From a distance it may seem that penguins have no feathers, but in fact they have nearly three times as many feathers as flying birds. A penguin's feathers are very short and compact, and are very densely arranged on its body to provide better insulation in the water.
  • Legs and Feet: Penguins have short, thick legs and powerful webbed feet that aid in swimming to a minor degree, though they use their flippers for their primary underwater propulsion.
  • Bill: A penguin's bill is specialized for its piscivorous diet, and the thick, strong bill is hooked on the upper mandible to allow easier feeding on fish, krill and other aquatic animals. The exact shape of each species' bill depends on its specific diet.
  • Supraorbital Gland: All penguins, and many other pelagic birds, have a specialized supraorbital gland that helps extract excess salt from their blood and excrete it through a special cavity in the bill. This helps keep the bird's body chemistry balanced even when it spends much of its life in the sea.
Penguin Behavior
Penguins use their specialized bodies for specialized behavior that helps them survive.
  • Swimming: Penguins are superb swimmers with the ability to dive well below the water's surface in search of prey, including fish, krill, squid and other creatures. They use their flippers to propel themselves through the water, and they can stay below the surface for long periods without any detrimental results.
  • Fasting: Depending on the species, penguins may fast up to 100 days or more at a time during the breeding or moulting seasons when they are unable to enter the water to hunt. During these types of fasts, they can lose a significant proportion of their body weight.
  • Porpoising: While swimming, penguins will leap out of the water in shallow arcs, a maneuver known as porpoising. This can help them surprise prey or evade predators, and it also helps them breathe and insulates their plumage with a layer of tiny bubbles.
  • Tobogganing: Penguins are ungainly walkers, and on land they often use tobogganing – sliding on their bellies and using their flippers and feet to move and change direction. This is a faster, more efficient way for penguins to travel over snow and ice.
  • Huddling: To protect themselves from harsh winters, particularly in Antarctica, penguins will huddle as a group to share body heat. This helps protect the flock against wind and cold, and individual birds will change position periodically so every bird has a better chance of survival.




2.     Unique things of penguins

Penguins are unique birds with many physical and behavioral adaptations that help them survive in the southern oceans. These adaptations give the birds a distinct appearance and actions that both birders and non-birders can easily recognize, and makes penguins some of the most familiar birds in the world.